This collection of papers tries to scientifically and evolutionarily explain how humans biochemically became the intellectuals they are. Written for those interested in tying together multidisciplinary sciences, this compilation fills a niche that needs filling.

The subject is complex but understandable if one is educated in basic chemistry, physics, biochemistry, and critical thinking. If a reader needs some intellectual exercise, here is a fascinating topic and interesting thread through seven papers, referencing many other scientific works. The premise is that changes in the C12:C14 ratio are evident when neurons may have divided and differentiated, possibly as a cause and effect of ionizing radiation occurring from C14 isotopes. The author writes, "This research may be relevant to social neuroscience, anthropology, psychiatry, nuclear medical technology applications, atomic safety regulations..." The thread continues from there, observing and supporting the idea that language in humans, as well as higher-order thinking and communication, coincided with geophyscially caused radiation changes. It is a fascinating hypothesis that sees humankind as simply a "chemical solution caught in evolution," as the famous rocker Rod Stewart eloquently croons.

In paper six, Mrejeru summarizes, "This paper aims to demonstrate, with hopefully robust arguments, that a unique chain of geophysical events (starting 43,000 years ago) influenced the Homo sapiens brain, transforming its mental setup, which resulted in a language-ready brain. This transformation led to a new species, which is distinct from the original Homo sapiens. I have called this new species Homo loquens because of its unique mental abilities based on language."

The author guides readers through different works leading to the thought-provoking evidence and conclusions of how and why humans evolved into intensely thinking sapiens. Mrejeru comes through with a well-organized and well-written body of work.

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